Who is obliged to provide training in the company?
The obligation falls on the company, not on the individual employee. Article 4 addresses "providers and deployers of AI systems", and deployer in the Regulation's language is you who use those systems, even if you didn't build them. The perimeter of people is defined by the rule itself: staff "and other persons dealing with the operation and use of AI systems on their behalf". That "on their behalf" is the part that gets missed, and it's the one that brings in freelancers, agencies and suppliers. The form of the contract doesn't matter, what matters is the actual use: if someone in administration has a document summarized by a conversational assistant, that person is in. The extent of the training, instead, must be calibrated to role and risk, because someone using AI to rewrite an email needs something different from someone using it to screen résumés.
Can the courses be done online via e-learning?
Yes, and the Regulation is deliberately open on the point. Article 4 says providers and deployers "shall take measures" to ensure a sufficient level of literacy: it prescribes the result and leaves you free on the how. There is therefore no imposed format and no minimum number of hours to respect. Asynchronous e-learning is the most practicable formula for those with shifts or multiple sites, and it has a considerable documentation advantage, because the platform records accesses, viewing times and completion on its own: the "measures" become demonstrable without anyone having to reconstruct them by hand. If you prefer the classroom, in person or by videoconference, we do that. The most requested combination remains e-learning for everyone plus a live session for those with decision-making responsibilities.
Do you issue a certificate valid by law?
Here we give you the exact answer, which is more useful than the convenient one: an official AI literacy certification does not exist, for us as for anyone else. The Regulation devotes an entire chapter to notified bodies, conformity assessment and certificates, but it concerns high-risk AI systems: for staff training, Article 4 merely asks that you "take measures", without establishing either a register or a certification scheme. Whoever sells you a certificate "compliant with the law" is selling you something the law does not provide for. The Article 4 obligation rests with you as an employer, and what matters is being able to demonstrate that you have fulfilled it. That's why we deliver a complete file: attendance and access register, test results with date and score, named certificates for each participant, teaching program and materials used. It is the documentation an authority or an advisor asks for during an inspection, and it's the only thing that currently has concrete value.
Is there a fine if we don't do the training?
Not in the form it's told to you, and here it pays to know how things stand better than those who try to scare you. The 35 million euros circulating online are in Article 99, paragraph 3, and concern one thing only: the violation of the ban on prohibited AI practices in Article 5. Not training. The next paragraph, the one for 15 million, lists one by one the obligations subject to penalties: Articles 16, 22, 23, 24, 26, 31, 33, 34 and 50. Article 4 is not on that list, and you can check it in two minutes. That said, the convenient conclusion would be "so let's forget it", and it is wrong for three concrete reasons. Literacy is the prerequisite of the obligations that are penalized: Article 26 demands that human oversight of high-risk systems be assigned to people with "the necessary competence, training and authority", and without training you can't tick that box. It's the first thing asked when an inspection starts, because it's the easiest to check and the hardest to improvise after the fact. And in case of damage caused by clumsy use, "nobody had explained it to them" is a position that can't be defended, either in front of a client or in front of a judge.
How long does it take and how much does it cost?
The basic modules take between three and six hours per person, distributed as you prefer over a few weeks. The quote depends on how many people you involve, how many different profiles there are and the chosen format, with a per-person cost that drops quite a lot for large groups. The written quote comes after a twenty-minute call in which we find out who in the company already uses AI, which as we said is almost always more people than you imagine.
How often should it be repeated?
Once a year is the reasonable rhythm, plus an update when something substantial changes: a new tool adopted in the company, a new obligation entering into application, new people joining. The Regulation doesn't set an explicit deadline, but a training file stuck at two years earlier is hard to sustain as a "sufficient level" in front of whoever is checking.